<p>The highly anticipated <strong>Ethereum Merge</strong> did not have the predicted good impact on the crypto-asset market. Instead, as a result of the US dollar interest rate rise policy, the crypto-asset market has resumed its protracted downward trend. In a blockchain that has never been short of narrative and innovation, relying on the consensus process to extend Layer1 has proven more challenging to resonate with the market. The fact that The Merge did not receive the predicted market reaction exemplifies this concept. As more people feel that the consensus mechanism is incapable of resolving the blockchain trilemma. They will be more hungry for new mechanisms to emerge, which opens the door for other <strong>Layer 1 chains</strong> to surpass Ethereum. <strong>Aptos</strong> is one of these candidates. <strong>Aptos</strong> is a new layer one blockchain created by the original Diem development team at Facebook. As it has always been seen as a bleeding car in the Layer 1s landscape, we shall <strong>compare Aptos with Solana and other EVM chains.</strong></p><h2>Performance</h2><h3>Aptos</h3><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.builder.news/project-review/aptos-crypto" alt="Aptos Crypto" title="Aptos Crypto" target="_blank" rel="" class="">Aptos</a> is developing a new technology known as parallel processing. In contrast to the traditional method of processing transactions one at a time, it allows numerous transactions to be completed concurrently. This implementation will allow a blockchain to be infinitely scalable.</p><p dir="ltr">In the traditional method, each node must execute all transactions repeatedly, one block at once, and each block contains many transactions. Despite the fact that a block contains several transactions, each node selects these transactions from the mempool of pending transactions. Even though the number of nodes has doubled, there is no speed increase because each node processes the same transaction.</p><p dir="ltr">In contrast, each node individually processes a different batch of queued transactions during parallel execution. Because of this, the network's throughput will increase as the number of nodes increases. By adding more nodes, parallel computing is horizontally scalable.</p><p dir="ltr">A recent <strong>load test by Aptos</strong> yielded a result of <strong>around 130,000 transactions per second</strong>. In relation to the number of active nodes, Aptos can manage an infinite number of transactions per second if implemented properly.</p><h3>Solana</h3><p dir="ltr">Unlike other chains that primarily use Proof-of-stake, <a href="https://www.builder.news/crypto-insights/solana-reassessment-l1QQu" alt="Solana reassessment" title="Solana reassessment" target="_blank" rel="" class="">Solana</a> thinks that the underlying reason for the scalability issue is based on consensus. So, coupled with Tower BFT, a PoH-optimized form of PBFT, Solana invents a fresh Proof-of-history consensus. Solana also employs additional strategies and technologies to secure the title of chain that can process the most transactions per second while paying the lowest gas prices before Aptos is released.</p><p dir="ltr">Solana is capable of processing <strong>up to 65,000 transactions per second.</strong> However, given its hardware requirements and complexity, Solana may fail to expand further. Solana is now processing <strong>3,000 transactions per second for a $0.00025 gas cost per transaction.</strong></p><h3>Fantom</h3><p dir="ltr">Fantom is an upgraded version of EVM in that each node does not handle the same batch of transactions. Using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) architecture, Fantom's deep technology allows parallel execution in the EVM chain. Lachesis, an asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (aBFT) consensus mechanism created particularly to enable parallel execution in its architecture, is used by Fantom.</p><p dir="ltr">Fantom has a huge performance advantage in terms of transaction per second throughput as well as reduced gas fees. Fantom, on the other hand, only manages to process about <strong>20,000 transactions per second.</strong></p><h3>Other EVMs</h3><p dir="ltr">Other EVMs typically handle transactions in sequential execution. Every node, as described in the Aptos section, processes an identical batch of transactions. Even though the number of nodes has doubled, there is no speed increase because each node processes the same data. As a result, performance in other EVMs is abysmal. Ethereum, for example, can only handle about 20 transactions per second. Otherwise, gas prices will skyrocket.</p><h2>Reliability</h2><h3>Aptos</h3><p dir="ltr">Aptos has only recently launched its mainnet, thus there isn't yet enough evidence to assess its reliability. It should, nevertheless, be more trustworthy than Solana; else, it will turn into a new meme.</p><p dir="ltr">People are criticizing Aptos for the airdrop claiming issue. However, it’s the nature of the optimistic execution that Aptos employ. When the processor finds that the transactions are dependent, they will be re-executed. And that’s why many people had to re-claim the airdrop tokens many times.</p><h3>Solana</h3><p dir="ltr">Solana is notorious for its unreliability. Many people think that Aptos and Sui will be the Solana Killer this year. However, Solana appears to be killing itself so many times this year with its outages. Here is an example of Solana's downtimes.</p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><img src="https://cdn.builder.news/news/11ed5b4cae1fc315a8e6023f659fee92.jpg" alt="Solana uptime" title="Solana uptime" width="600" height="330" class="lykafe0"></p><p class="prosemirror-p-center">Source: Solana uptime</p><h3>Ethereum</h3><p dir="ltr">Despite its low performance and high gas fees, Ethereum remains the most dependable network. The Ethereum chain is run by several validators all around the world. Even if one fails, the chain is unaffected since other validators will take over. Ethereum experiences no downtimes for a very long time.</p><h3>Other EVMs</h3><p dir="ltr">Other EVMs are not as trustworthy as Ethereum. They often utilize unique tailored approaches to boost output while decreasing gas fees. These tactics are novel and have not been proven.&nbsp; These chains might break under heavy loads. Fantom is an example.</p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><img src="https://cdn.builder.news/news/11ed5b4cae1fca41a8e6023f659fee92.jpg" alt="fantom putage" title="fantom putage" width="600" height="324" class="lykafe1"></p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><em>Source: Fantom foundation</em></p><h2>Tokenomics</h2><h3>Aptos</h3><p dir="ltr">Aptos tokenomics is allocated at 13.5% to investors, 16.5% to the Aptos foundation, 19% to key contributors (team), and 51% to the community. Aptos has given out 20 million tokens (2%) to early adopters. The community is also requesting a public report on the usage of the remaining 49% community fund portion.</p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><img src="https://cdn.builder.news/news/11ed5b4cae1fce65a8e6023f659fee92.jpg" alt="aptos token allocation" title="aptos token allocation" width="600" height="313" class="lykafe2"></p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><em>Source: Aptos</em></p><p dir="ltr">Aptos employs Proof-of-stake, with a validator incentive derived from token inflation. According to the below graph, Aptos' circulating supply will hit 1 billion in 2024 and 1.5 billion in 2032.</p><p dir="ltr"></p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><img src="https://cdn.builder.news/news/11ed5b4cae1fd2d3a8e6023f659fee92.jpg" alt="aptos vesting" title="aptos vesting" width="600" height="417" class="lykafe3"></p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><em>Source: Aptos</em></p><h3>Solana</h3><p dir="ltr">Solana has the same kind of tokenomics as Aptos since they are both Proof of Stake chains.&nbsp; Tokenomics is made available to the team, foundation, private and public sales. A chain that uses Proof-of-stake consensus will almost certainly have a validator incentive from inflation as well.</p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><img src="https://cdn.builder.news/news/11ed5b4cae1fd6d2a8e6023f659fee92.jpg" alt="solana token allocation" title="solana token allocation" width="600" height="309" class="lykafe4"></p><p class="prosemirror-p-center"><em>Source: Coingecko</em></p><h3>Ethereum</h3><p dir="ltr">Ethereum is intended to have an infinite number of tokens. The Ethereum Foundation allocates ETH tokens to developers who contribute to the growth of ecosystems.</p><p dir="ltr">Prior to the Merge, Ethereum used Proof-of-work (POW) consensus. The miner receives ETH tokens as a reward. This is not a good tokenomics structure to start with right now. Because Ethereum is an early adopter and the crypto market valuation is insufficient at launch, Ethereum has no other options. However, following the Merge, Ethereum will use proof-of-stake, as do the majority of new chains.</p><p dir="ltr">After The Merge, Ethereum inflation is decreasing. Ethereum now has the potential to become a deflationary chain in the future. You can monitor Ethereum inflation at ultrasound money.</p><h3>BNB Chain</h3><p dir="ltr">Binance Smart Chain employs a once-only mint. BNB tokens are created during the genesis process. BNB tokens are distributed to ICO buyers, Binance, and early contributors were also rewarded. Proof-of-staked-authority (PoSA) consensus was used by BNB. The validation reward is entirely derived from transaction fees. Binance utilizes its trading fees to effectively burn BNB, making it a deflationary token.</p><h2>Language</h2><p dir="ltr">Move is the main smart contract programming language used by Aptos. It has been specifically created for parallel processing. The comparison between Move and smart contract programming languages of Solana and EVM can be summarized as follows.</p><p dir="ltr">Instead of being stored in a program or smart contract, data is kept in each owner's account. This has a big impact on how parallelism is made possible. Instead of being linked to an object, data is divided up into various objects.</p><p dir="ltr">Automatic parallel execution occurs without the need for explicit specification. Unlike Solana, where it is necessary to explicitly specify each account and program accessed during the transaction. On the other hand, parallel execution in the EVM solidity language is not possible.</p><p dir="ltr">Similar to the EVM, which employs a sequence identifier (nonce), Move replay protection is used. Solana's Rust language uses transaction memorization and transaction uniqueness in contrast.</p><h2>Key points summary</h2><p dir="ltr">In contrast to Solana and other EVM chains, Aptos is expected to perform exceptionally well. The fastest EVM, Fantom, has reached about 20,000 transactions per second, while Aptos has reached about 130,000 transactions per second and Solana has reached about 65,000. There is not enough information to assess the reliability of Aptos because it is a new chain. It ought to be a lot more dependable than the Solana chain, which is notorious for going down frequently all year long. Despite its poor performance, Ethereum is still the chain that can be trusted the most.</p><p dir="ltr">Aptos is the result of years of blockchain scalability research, and their new mempool and consensus protocols significantly outperform existing architectures. The practical application of Aptos' respective designs, as with any layer 1, will be a major determinant of their real-world performance. Fortunately, this newcomer to the layer 1 landscape has the expertise and capital to carry out its vision successfully. Anyway, Aptos is still in its infancy, so we'll have to wait and see if it lives up to the hype.</p><div class="pr-block-special"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong><br>This article is intended for and only to be used for reference purposes only. No such information provided constitutes advice or a recommendation that any investment or trading strategy is suitable for any specific name.</div><p><br></p>

As Aptos has always been seen as a bleeding car in the Layer 1s landscape, we shall compare Aptos with Solana and other EVM chains.

Aptos Versus Solana Versus EVM Layer 1s: Comprehensive comparison